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浮游植物熒光儀Phyto-PAM
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可對自然水樣中發浮游植物自動分類、自動測葉綠素含量和光合活性的調制熒光儀,三探頭可選。

phyto?pam *款可自動對浮游植物分類的熒光儀
schreiber教授因發明pam系列調制葉綠素熒光儀而獲得首屆光合作用協會(ispr)創新獎

1983年,walz公司*科學家、德國烏茲堡大學的ulrich schreiber教授設計制造了**臺調制熒光儀——pam-101/102/103,并在植物生理、生態、農學、林學、水生生物學等領域得到廣泛應用,出版了大量高水平研究文獻。但該儀器由于采用光電二極管為檢測器,因此只能檢測高等植物、室內培養的微藻等葉綠素含量較高(> 10 mg l-1)的樣品。

在pam-101/102/103出現的同時,schreiber教授就有了設計一臺多波長調制熒光儀的構想。1988年,schreiber教授和他的博士后kolbowski博士*次設計出了16波長(led)熒光分光光度計。
  

1995年,schreiber教授和kolbowski博士一起設計出了**臺可對浮游植物自動分類的調制葉綠素熒光儀phyto-pam。phyto-pam采用調制技術,利用4種不要波長的led作為光源,利用光電倍增管作為檢測器,可以對水樣中的藍藻、綠藻、硅藻/甲藻自動分類,并分別測量它們的葉綠素含量和光合活性。
phyto-pam由于采用光電倍增管作為檢測器,因此檢測限達到 0.1 μg l-1 chl。根據研究對象和研究目的不同,可有3套系統供您選擇。

phyto-pam是水域生態學、海洋與湖沼學、水質監測等領域的有效工具。

系統描述:
脈沖-振幅-調制(pulse-amplitude-modulation, pam)技術的測量原理是基于對調制測量光激發的熒光信號的選擇性放大。在phyto-pam浮游植物熒光儀中,微秒級的測量光脈沖是由4種不同顏色的發光二極管(led)陣列發出的:藍色(470 nm)、綠色(520 nm)、淺紅色(645 nm)和深紅色(665 nm)。不同顏色的測量光脈沖在高頻率下交替應用,就可以獲得4種波長的光激發出的半同步的熒光信號。結合不同藻類的參考光譜(reference spectrum)就可區分不同藻類,并分別測量它們的光合活性和葉綠素含量。
phyto-pam可以對藍藻、綠藻和硅/甲藻進行分類。由于硅藻和甲藻的色素組成差別不大,目前技術上還很難對它們進行區分。要想對它們區分,除了考慮色素組成外,更重要的是考慮捕光色素-蛋白復合體的結構特別是橫向截面積,這必須結合“泵”和“探針”法測量熒光。目前walz公司正結合“泵”和“探針”法開發對微藻分類更多、更精確的儀器。phyto-pam還可以測量這些藻類的葉綠素濃度(檢測限為0.1 μg l-1 chl)。phyto-pam更加強大的功能是可以探測自然水樣中藍藻、綠藻和硅/甲藻的光合活性和光適應狀態。
phyto-pam采用微型光電倍增管作為檢測器,可以檢測及其微弱的靈敏變化,同時還具備強光自動關閉的保護功能,因此儀器操作和維護更加容易。

特點:
1) **臺可對浮游植物自動分類的調制葉綠素熒光儀
2) 4波長光源:470、520、645和665 nm
3) 對藍藻、綠藻和硅/甲藻進行分類
4) 可選配室內系統(i)、野外系統(ii)和測附著藻類/大型藻類的系統(iii)
5) 靈敏度高,檢測限為0.1 μg l-1 chl
6) 專業phytowin操作軟件,數據收集、分析和存貯功能強大
7) 用戶可利用培養的微藻做參考光譜,非“黑匣子”
8) 可在野外測量后根據水體藻類組成利用優勢種(一種或多種)的參考光譜校對實驗結果

功能:
1) 可對藍藻、綠藻和硅/甲藻自動分類(定性)
2) 可自動測量水樣中藍藻、綠藻和硅/甲藻的葉綠素含量(定量)和總葉綠素含量
3) 可同時測量水樣中藍藻、綠藻和硅/甲藻的光合作用和總光合活性
4) 可測量光合作用的量子產量和相對電子傳遞速率
5) 可自動記錄量子產量和相對電子傳遞速率的快速光響應曲線
6) 用戶可做自己的參考光譜
7) 可連接記錄儀或示波器記錄原始熒光誘導動力學曲線

應用領域:
多用于水生生物學、水域生態學、海洋學、湖沼學、水質監測和預警、微藻生理學、微藻抗逆性、環境科學、生態毒理學、極地藻類(冰藻)研究等領域,對于了解自然水體中藻類種群的動態變化、水華/赤潮預警、野外水體中光合作用的時空變化、校正初級生產力的計算等有較大幫助。


系統組成:
phyto-pam的主機連接不同的檢測器可以組成3套不同的測量系統:

系統i
實驗室版本,利用光學單元ed-101us/mp和標準10×10 mm樣品杯檢測熒光
系統i的所有光電元件均需安裝在鐵架臺上,適合實驗室用。但由于主機phyto-c內置大容量電池,因此它也可以在野外或在船上使用。系統i的一個突出優點是光學單元ed-101us/mp的開放式設計,它允許安裝不同的濾光片或不同顏色的光化光led陣列。與系統ii的phto-ed相比,10×10 mm樣品杯中的光場分布更加均勻。同時,系統i還可以連接溫度控制器us-t和微型磁力攪拌器phyto-ms。這些特點決定了系統i更加適合浮游植物光合作用的基礎研究。

系統ii
野外便攜式版本,利用phyto-ed和直徑15 mm的樣品杯檢測熒光
在系統ii中,所有光電元件都整合在便攜式的激發-檢測單元phyto-ed中。phyto-ed密封防水。系統ii在野外或在船上工作,當然室內也*可以使用。


系統iii
光纖型版本,利用phyto-edf檢測附著藻類或大型藻類的熒光
系統iii的光纖型激發-檢測單元phyto-edf可以檢測所有生長在表面的光合生物的光合作用。比較適合的測試材料包括附著藻類、底棲藻類、藻墊(microbial mats)和大型藻類等。由于采用光纖傳導信號而且測量面積小,因此靈敏度比系統i和ii要低。但是由于附著藻類等材料的葉綠素含量遠遠高于水體中的浮游植物,因此系統iii的靈敏度*可滿足實驗要求。

● 基礎配置
可選配置

系統i
(實驗室版)

系統ii
(野外版)

系統iii
(光纖版)

主機phyto-c

測量光led陣列phyto-ml

   
光化光led陣列phyto-al

   
光電倍增管pm-101p

   
光學單元ed-101us/mp

   
工作臺st-101

   
激發-檢測單元phyto-ed  

 
光纖型激發-檢測單元phyto-edf    

微型磁力攪拌器phyto-ms

   
球狀微型光量子探頭us-sqs

溫度控制器us-t

   
攪拌器water-s  

 


技術參數:

測量光:波長470、520、645和665 nm的測量光led。
光化光:波長655 nm的led;光化光強度0~2000 μmol m-2 s-1 par(系統i和ii)或0~1300 μmol m-2 s-1 par(系統iii)。
飽和脈沖:波長655 nm的led;飽和脈沖強度4000 μmol m-2 s-1 par(系統i和ii)或2600 μmol m-2 s-1 par(系統iii)。
信號檢測:光電倍增管,帶短波截止濾光片(λ>710 nm);選擇性鎖相放大器。
測量參數:ft, f(或fo), fm(或 fm’), δf, y(δf/ fm’或fv/fm), etr和chl濃度等。
環境溫度-5~+45 ℃,已在極地成功應用。


部分文獻

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