Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoon that has a worldwide distribution. This obligate intracellular parasite can infect humans as well as virtually all warm-blooded animals, including mammals a

德國Nova剛地弓形蟲第二代檢測試劑盒

剛地弓形蟲是一種無處不在的原蟲,世界范圍內的分布。這個專性細胞內寄生蟲可以感染人類,以及幾乎所有的溫血動物,包括哺乳動物和鳥類。弓形蟲的生命周期是兼性heteroxenous。中間宿主可能是所有溫血動物包括大部分牲畜,和人類。明確的主機是貓科家族的成員,例如家貓。

有三個感染弓形蟲的生命周期階段,即個速、bradyzoites(在組織囊腫),和子孢子(形成孢子卵囊)。所有三個階段都是傳染性中間和zui終的主機。

弓形蟲感染可能是收購主要是通過以下路線之一:口服攝入的傳染性卵囊的環境,通過口服攝入的組織中包含的囊腫中間宿主的生的或未煮熟的肉類,或經胎盤的個的傳播。

雖然在人類感染弓形蟲很常見,臨床疾病在很大程度上局限于高危人群。大多數感染弓形蟲免疫活性的人類是無癥狀的。

然而,如果*次懷孕期間感染,弓形蟲可能會傳染給胎兒。先天性弓形體病可能導致流產、新生兒死亡或胎兒異常對胎兒有害的后果。如果不及時治療,胎兒的宮內感染風險增加在懷孕期間。

疾病	癥狀	感染的機制
后天獲得的弓形體病	免疫活性的患者: 通常無癥狀或非常溫和 非特異性的癥狀包括頸部淋巴結病和其他感染廣義的癥狀(發熱、不適、盜汗,肌痛,喉嚨痛和斑丘疹的皮疹)	攝入肉或內臟組織囊腫感染
重新激活弓形體病	免疫功能低下的患者: 腦炎、心肌炎、肺炎	卵囊在貓科動物糞便污染的食物或水
先天性弓形體病	先天感染新生兒: 脈絡膜視網膜炎、失明、癲癇、精神發育遲滯、貧血、黃疸、腦炎、肺炎等 *恢復是非常罕見的	先天性傳播:如果懷孕期間發生感染的急性期,這種寄生蟲可以穿過胎盤和胎兒感染

感染的診斷則需要通過:

• 血清學:確定特定抗體的ELISA、間接熒光抗體試驗(IFAT)免疫吸附凝集試驗(ISAGA)
• 寄生蟲檢測:聚合酶鏈反應

NovaLisa®剛地弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g ELISA:

的NovaLisa®剛地弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g ELISA定量測定的目的是IgG-class剛地弓形蟲抗體在人類血清或血漿(檸檬酸)。

NovaLisa®剛地弓形蟲IgMµ-capture ELISA:

的NovaLisa®剛地弓形蟲IgMµ-capture ELISA用于定性測定IgM-class剛地弓形蟲抗體在人類血清或血漿(檸檬酸)。

抗原:

剛地弓形蟲溶解產物(免疫球蛋白),剛地弓形蟲嵌合抗原(IgM)

具體的性能特征:

	Intraassay			Interasay			靈敏度%	特異性%
	n	的意思是	CV %	n	的意思是	CV %
免疫球蛋白	6	0.978	5.7	4	0.752	7.1	96.6	98.2
	6	1.647	5.3	4	1.26	10.1
	6	2.496	6.2	4	1.98	6.3
IgM µ-capture	24	1.563	2.9	12	7.08	6.5	95.8	> 98
	24	0.304	1.5	12	16.68	4.5

NovaLisa®剛地弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g貪欲測試*:

貪欲的決心是一種診斷方法,用于區分zui近(急性)和更遙遠的(過去的)病人血清感染剛地弓形蟲。貪欲的約束力是抗體與相應抗原(血清標本)。

免疫球蛋白的測定貪欲依賴的進步增加親和力的抗體靶抗原的過程中天然免疫后感染。測量抗體綁定的強度是一種證實或排除近期感染。Low-avidity抗體從zui近收購了弓形蟲感染剛地可以從high-avidity分化抗體,這是一個指示性的感染。

換句話說,低的免疫球蛋白抗體在感染的早期階段可以從高分化的抗體與過去的感染有關。

IgG抗體活性的測定是一個額外的分析經典的血清學關于剛地弓形蟲感染的狀態。

的NovaLisa®剛地弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g貪欲測試是一種額外的試劑盒與NovaLisa結合使用®剛地弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g ELISA。

性能特點:

的NovaLisa®剛地弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g貪欲測試被用于評估弓形體病急性和過去感染樣品。總數量86定義病人樣本測試。這些樣本提供的醫學微生物學研究所免疫學和寄生蟲學,波恩大學。

		定義樣本
		急性感染	過去的感染	總	協議 (%)
NovaLisa®剛地弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g貪欲測試	急性感染	36	1	37	94.7
	過去的感染	2	47	49	97.9
	總	38	48	86年	96.5

訂單信息:

ELISA	的數量決定	產品編號
弓形蟲免疫球蛋白	96年	TOXG0460
弓形蟲IgMµ-capture	96年	TOXM0460
弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g貪欲測試*	96年	TOXGA460

* NovaLisa®剛地弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g貪欲測試是一種額外的試劑,用于結合NovaLisa®弓形蟲剛免疫球蛋白ELISA。

RiliBAK

與Liquickeck®火炬+控制(Bio-Rad)外部控制可用NovaLisa®剛地弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g

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Toxoplasma gondii 2nd Generation

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoon that has a worldwide distribution. This obligate intracellular parasite can infect humans as well as virtually all warm-blooded animals, including mammals and birds. The life cycle of T. gondii is facultatively heteroxenous. Intermediate hosts are probably all warm-blooded animals including most livestock, and humans. Definitive hosts are members of the family Felidae, for example domestic cats.

There are three infectious stages in the life cycle of T. gondii, i.e. tachyzoites, bradyzoites (in tissue cysts), and sporozoites (in sporulated oocysts). All three stages are infectious for both intermediate and definitive hosts.

T. gondii infections may be acquired mainly via one of the following routes: by oral ingestion of infectious oocysts from the environment, by oral ingestion of tissue cysts contained in raw or undercooked meat of intermediate hosts, or by transplacental transmission of tachyzoites.

While infection with T. gondii in humans is very common, clinical disease is largely confined to risk groups. Most T. gondii infections in immunocompetent humans are asymptomatic.

However, if first contracted during pregnancy, T. gondii may be transmitted to the foetus. Congenital toxoplasmosis may cause abortion, neonatal death, or foetal abnormalities with detrimental consequences for the foetus. If not treated, the risk of intrauterine infection of the foetus increases during pregnancy.

Disease	Symptoms	Mechanism of Infection
Postnatally acquired toxoplasmosis	Immunocompetent patients: Usually asymptomatic or very mild Nonspecific symptoms including cervical lymphadenopathy and other symptoms of generalized infection (fever, malaise, night sweats, myalgia, sore throat and maculopapular rash)	Ingestion of tissue cysts in infected meat or viscera
Reactivated toxoplasmosis	Immunocompromised patients: encephalitis, myocarditis and pneumonitis	Oocysts in food or water contaminated with feline faeces
Congenital toxoplasmosis	Congenitally infected newborns: chorioretinitis, blindness, epilepsy, mental retardation, anemia, jaundice, encephalitis, pneumonitis and others Complete recovery is very rare	Congenital transmission: if the acute phase of the infection occurs during pregnancy, the parasite can cross the placenta and infect the fetus

Infections may be diagnosed by:

• Serology:    Determination of specific antibodies by ELISA, indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) immunosorbent agglutination assay (ISAGA)
• Parasite detection: PCR

NovaLisa® Toxoplasma gondii IgG ELISA:

The NovaLisa^® Toxoplasma gondii IgG ELISA is intended for the quantitative determination of IgG-class antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in human serum or plasma (citrate).

NovaLisa® Toxoplasma gondii IgM µ-capture ELISA:

The NovaLisa® Toxoplasma gondii IgM µ-capture ELISA is intended for the qualitative determination of IgM-class antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in human serum or plasma (citrate).

Antigens:

Toxoplasma gondii lysate (IgG) and Toxoplasma gondii chimeric antigens (IgM)

Specific performance characteristics:

	Intraassay			Interasay			Sensitivity%	Specificity%
	n	Mean	CV%	n	Mean	CV%
IgG	6	0.978	5.7	4	0.752	7.1	96.6	98.2
	6	1.647	5.3	4	1.26	10.1
	6	2.496	6.2	4	1.98	6.3
IgM  µ-capture	24	1.563	2.9	12	7.08	6.5	95.8	>98
	24	0.304	1.5	12	16.68	4.5

NovaLisa® Toxoplasma gondii IgG Avidity Test*:  

The avidity determination is a diagnostic method which is used to differentiate a recent (acute) and a more distant (past) infection with Toxoplasma gondii in patient sera. Avidity is the binding force of the antibody (serum specimen) with the corresponding antigen. 

The determination of IgG avidity relies on the progressive increase of the affinity of an antibody for its target antigen during the course of natural immunity following an infections. Measuring the strength of the antibody binding is a way to confirm or rule out a recent infection. Low-avidity antibodies from a recent acquired Toxoplama gondii infection can be differentiated from high-avidity antibodies, which is an indicative of past infection.

In other words, low avid IgG antibodies in the early stage of infection can be differentiated from high avid antibodies associated with a past infection.

The determination of IgG antibody avidity is an additional analysis to the classic serology in regards to the status of a Toxoplasma gondii infection.

The NovaLisa^® Toxoplasma gondii IgG Avidity Test is an additional reagent-kit that has to be used in combination with NovaLisa® Toxoplasma gondii IgG ELISA.  

Performance Characteristics:

The NovaLisa® Toxoplasma gondii IgG Avidity Test has been evaluated for use in Toxoplasmosis with samples of acute and past infections. A total number of 86 defined patient samples were tested. These samples were supplied by the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and  Parasitology, University Bonn.  

		Defined Samples
		Acute Infection	Past Infection	Total	Agreement (%)
NovaLisa® Toxoplasma gondii IgG Avidity Test	Acute Infection	36	1	37	94.7
	Past Infection	2	47	49	97.9
	Total	38	48	86	96.5

Order information:

ELISA	Number of Determinations	Product Number
Toxoplasma IgG	96	TOXG0460
Toxoplasma IgM µ-capture	96	TOXM0460
Toxoplasma IgG Avidity Test*	96	TOXGA460

* The NovaLisa^® Toxoplasma gondii IgG Avidity Test is an additional reagent that has to be used in combination with the NovaLisa^® Toxoplama gondii IgG ELISA.

RiliBÄK

With Liquickeck^® ToRCH Plus Control (Bio-Rad) an external control is available for the NovaLisa^® Toxoplasma gondii IgG